Examlex
In the kidneys,the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier)and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger).This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.
Income Tax Benefit
A reduction in income tax payments, which can result from deductions, exemptions, or credits, often recognizing benefits from losses or deductions from previous years.
Income Tax Expense
The amount of money a company or individual owes to the government based on earned income, reflecting the tax rate and taxable earnings for a fiscal period.
Income Tax Rate Change
A modification in the percentage that individuals or corporations are required to pay to the government from their income.
Future Liability
A financial obligation or debt that a company is required to pay at a future date.
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