In the Kidneys,the Countercurrent Mechanism Involves the Interaction Between the Flow

question 10

True/False

In the kidneys,the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier)and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger).This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

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Definitions:

Variable Cost

Costs that change in proportion to the level of activity or volume of production in a company.

AVC

Average Variable Cost, which refers to the total variable cost per unit of output in a business, where variable costs change with the level of production.

MC

Marginal Cost, the cost of producing one additional unit of a product or service.

ATC

Average Total Cost; the total cost of production divided by the number of units produced, representing the per-unit production cost.