A Rat Has Been Trained in an Operant-Conditioning Chamber to Press

question 21

Multiple Choice

A rat has been trained in an operant-conditioning chamber to press a lever to get a food pellet. Following the acquisition trials, the researcher then withheld reinforcement for lever pressing and eventually the rat stopped responding. This example illustrates:

• A)the effect of negative reinforcement.
• B)the effect of punishment by application.
• C)learned helplessness.
• D)extinction.

Understand the concept of segment margin and its calculation.

Grasp the relationship between production and sales volume and their impact on net operating income under different costing methods.

Understand how fixed manufacturing overhead costs are treated under variable and absorption costing.

Recognize the importance of not arbitrarily allocating common costs to segments.

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Definitions:

Self-esteem

An individual's overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth or value.

Psychological Adjustment

The process of achieving mental and emotional balance in response to changing internal and external conditions.

Causal Conclusions

Causal Conclusions are judgments or inferences that establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more events or variables.

Self-concept

An individual's perception of themselves, including their beliefs, feelings, and thoughts about their own abilities and attributes.