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In One Study, Orangutans Imitated the Behavior of Both Humans

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In one study, orangutans imitated the behavior of both humans and other orangutans, but they were more likely to imitate high-status or dominant models than low-status models. The orangutans were also more likely to imitate models with whom they had close relationships, such as biological parents, siblings, or their human caregivers. Human strangers were virtually never imitated. This study illustrates that positive punishment factors seem to play a role in observational learning in primates, just as with humans.


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Net Income

The net income of a business following the deduction of all costs and taxes from its earnings.

Specific Identification Method

An inventory valuation method where costs are directly assigned to individual units of inventory, enabling precise profit margin calculations.

Inventory Valuation

The method used to determine the cost associated with an inventory at the end of a financial period, which affects cost of goods sold and, consequently, net income.

Net Income

The net income of a company following the deduction of all taxes and expenses from the gross revenue.

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