After a Dog Had Been Conditioned to Salivate at the Sight

question 153

Multiple Choice

After a dog had been conditioned to salivate at the sight of meat powder, the meat powder was presented to the dog every three minutes and held just out of the dog's reach. Over the course of several trials, the amount of saliva secreted by the dog decreased to zero, indicating that _____ had occurred.

• A)negative reinforcement
• B)biological preparedness
• C)extinction
• D)spontaneous recovery

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Definitions:

Secondary Circular Reactions

A developmental stage in infants from about 4 to 8 months characterized by intentional repetition of actions that produce effects on the environment.

Tertiary Circular Reactions

A stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development where toddlers (around 12 to 18 months) experiment with new actions to see the outcomes, demonstrating an early form of problem-solving.

Mental Representations

Internal cognitive symbols that represent external reality, which are used in the process of thinking and understanding the world.

Violation-of-Expectation

A method used in developmental psychology research to study infants' understanding of physical and social world by evaluating their reactions to surprising or unexpected events.