Psychologist Edward C

question 223

Multiple Choice

Psychologist Edward C. Tolman's studies with rats in mazes led him to conclude that:

• A)reinforcement is not necessary for learning to occur.
• B)learning will not occur in the absence of reinforcement.
• C)rats learn nothing more than a sequence of left and right turns.
• D)continuous reinforcement is necessary for operant conditioning to occur.

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Definitions:

Fovea

A small depression in the retina of the eye where visual acuity is highest due to the concentration of cones.

Cones

Photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that function best in bright light and enable color vision.

Rods

Photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are extremely sensitive to light and enable vision in low light conditions but do not perceive color.

Cones

Retinal cells known as photoreceptors that operate optimally in well-lit conditions and facilitate the perception of colors.