Read the Vignette and Answer the Questions That Follow

question 10

Multiple Choice

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
When Malcolm started working at the local print shop,he got along with everyone.He was a supervisor but always tried to stay friends with the people who worked for him.Soon after joining the shop,a new supervisor,Ginny,was hired to manage the shipping department.One day Malcolm heard Ginny use a racial slur.Then Malcolm started noticing other things about her behavior.He noticed that Ginny would eat only with people of her own race and gender,for that matter.He heard her make another racist remark.He ignored her as best he could,sharing his concerns with coworkers and questioning whether a racist should be managing other people.Malcolm discussed Ginny's behavior with his supervisor but she did not see enough evidence of racism to do anything about it.
-Which symbolic interaction principle helps to explain Malcolm's behavior toward Ginny?

• A)Meanings arise through social interaction among individuals.
• B)People use the meanings they derive from their first impressions only to guide their own behavior.
• C)People employ a biological process regarding interactions.
• D)The size of Malcolm's group influences his relationships with members.

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Definitions:

Discriminative Stimulus

A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished, leading to an increase or decrease in the occurrence of that response.

Negative Reinforcer

An unpleasant or aversive stimulus that, when removed or avoided after a behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future.

Unconditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any prior learning.

Variable-Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses, often used in behaviorist conditioning.