Read the Vignette and Answer the Questions That Follow

question 12

Multiple Choice

Read the vignette and answer the questions that follow.
After being rounded up by the cops last Saturday night,three men sit in jail pondering their condition and how they ended up incarcerated.All of them are in jail for different reasons and have different backgrounds.All of them are fairly young,in their teenage years,and very poor.John and Franky have been arrested for the first time;Arny has been in and out of the justice system since he was a child.John has been arrested for stealing an engagement ring.He had no money to buy the ring.Franky and Arny have both been arrested for assault.The only other background information we have about the three men is that Franky is a member of the Bloods,a violent gang located in the surrounding area and that Arny has been in jail for assault many times in the past.

-Given the information in this vignette,which theory best explains Arny's decision to commit a crime?

• A)labeling theory
• B)strain theory
• C)social control theory
• D)theory of differential association

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Definitions:

Schema

A cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information from the environment.

Seriation

Seriation is a cognitive skill that involves organizing objects in a sequential order based on a particular attribute, such as size or color.

Reversibility

In cognitive development, the understanding that objects can be changed and then returned to their original condition or state.

Moral Development

The process through which individuals develop proper attitudes and behaviors toward other people in society, based on social and cultural norms, rules, and laws.