Experiments Performed in the Rocky Intertidal Zone by Robert Paine

question 12

Multiple Choice

Experiments performed in the rocky intertidal zone by Robert Paine showed that the experimental removal of a predator had dramatic consequences to the structure of the community.What was the ultimate conclusion of this study?

• A) That predators can prey so heavily that they eventually reduce species richness to nearly zero. As a result species richness is reduced.
• B) That prey need spatial and temporal fluctuations to coexist, otherwise the community structure will collapse. When fluctuations do not occur, then species richness is significantly reduced.
• C) That predators have no impact on the structure of lower trophic levels.
• D) That predators can mediate coexistence by reducing the number of individuals of a species in the community that tend to dominate and as a result increase species richness more than if they were not present.

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Definitions:

Stage 2 Sleep

Second stage of sleep, where a person is truly asleep; EEGs show K-complexes and sleep spindles, and there is much less conscious awareness of both the external world and inner mental activity.

K-Complexes

K-Complexes are a type of brainwave pattern seen on an EEG, typically associated with stage 2 sleep, characterized by a brief upsurge in brain activity.

EEGs

Short for Electroencephalograms, these are tests that measure electrical activity in the brain.

Sleepwalks

The act of walking or performing other complex behaviors while in a state of sleep.