Economists Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone Find That in the Two

question 245

Multiple Choice

Economists Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone find that in the two years following the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970, the sharp reduction in air pollution also led to a decline in infant deaths. Although this and other studies provide compelling evidence of the link between pollution and infant health, it is not clear that reductions from the much lower levels of ambient pollution today would have the same effect. Which of the following reasons could explain this?

• A) The cost of pollution abatement today is much higher than it was in the 1970s. Thus, it would be far more costly to achieve the same level of benefit today as the benefit achieved in 1970.
• B) When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution also is high. It follows therefore that the benefit of reducing air pollution in 1970 would be much higher than the benefit from a proportional reduction in air pollution today when the level of pollution is much lower.
• C) Today, the level of pollution is much higher. Therefore, it will take a much larger reduction in air pollution to reap similar benefits as it did in 1970.
• D) When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution is low. Therefore, it was necessary to significantly reduce air pollution in 1970 before benefits can be realized. Today, when the level of pollution is much lower, such drastic measures are unnecessary.

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Definitions:

Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals within the brain and throughout the nervous system.

Focal Animal

An individual selected for detailed observation in a study to gather data on specific behaviors or characteristics.

Ultrasonic Pulses

Sound waves with frequencies above the upper limit of human hearing, often used in medical imaging and animal navigation.

Evasive Manoeuvres

Actions taken by organisms, typically prey, to avoid or escape predators.