Which of the Following Are Indications to Use Noninvasive Ventilation

question 17

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are indications to use noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with nocturnal hypoventilation?
1) PaCO₂ greater than 55 mm Hg
2) More than two hospitalizations related to hypercapnic respiratory failure
3) PaCO₂ greater than 65 mm Hg
4) PaCO₂ between 50 and 54 mm Hg with nocturnal desaturation

• A)1, 2, and 3 only
• B)2 and 4 only
• C)1, 2, and 4 only
• D)1, 3, and 4 only

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