The Update Anomaly in Unnormalized Databases

question 5

Multiple Choice

The update anomaly in unnormalized databases

• A)occurs because of data redundancy
• B)complicates adding records to the database
• C)may result in the loss of important data
• D)often results in excessive record insertions

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Definitions:

Inclusive Fitness

Genetic contribution an individual makes by reproducing, plus a fraction of the contribution it makes by facilitating reproduction of relatives.

Altruistic Behavior

Actions by an individual that benefit others at a cost to oneself, observed in social species, which may promote cooperation and social cohesion.

Kin Selection

Type of natural selection in which individuals with the highest inclusive fitness are favored.

Selfish Herd

A behavioral strategy where individuals in a group position themselves centrally to reduce predation risk.