Suppose It Is Observed in a School That Students Who

question 51

Multiple Choice

Suppose it is observed in a school that students who sit at the back of a classroom, on average, receive lower grades in economics than the rest of the class. This leads to the teachers at the school assuming that sitting at the back rows leads to lower grades. This is an example of:

• A)the fallacy of composition.
• B)the ceteris paribus assumption.
• C)mistaking correlation for causation
• D)normative analysis.
• E)marginal analysis.

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Definitions:

Modus Ponens (MP)

A form of valid argument in deductive logic that, if a given premise is true ('if P then Q'), and the antecedent (P) is also true, then the consequent (Q) must be true.

Universal Generalization (UG)

A principle in logic where a statement applies to all members of a category or class.

Existential Generalization (EG)

A logical inference rule that allows for the conclusion that at least one member of a domain possesses a certain property, based on evidence of a specific instance.

Denying the Antecedent (DN)

A logical fallacy where one assumes that if the antecedent in a conditional statement is not true, the consequent must also not be true.