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Suppose that a group of humans build an enormous space ship of fixed size and travel into outer space, never to return. They live on board the ship and allocate all goods on the ship using markets. As the population grows, the price of housing on board the ship will
P-value
The p-value is a statistical measure that indicates the probability of the observed data, or more extreme, given that the null hypothesis is true, used in hypothesis testing.
Causal Relationship
A connection between two events where one is the cause of the other, indicating that changes in one variable directly cause changes in the other.
Newborn Twins
Infant siblings born simultaneously from the same pregnancy, typically arriving within minutes or hours of each other.
Population Variation
Differences or variations within a population, which can be due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or both.
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