Two Studies Are Conducted of the Relationship Between SAT Scores

question 32

Essay

Two studies are conducted of the relationship between SAT scores and subsequent earnings. In Study A, students are the units of analysis and it is found that college students who had higher SAT scores have higher earnings in subsequent jobs. Write a statement about this finding that would be reductionist. Explain why the statement is reductionist. In Study B, colleges are the units of analysis and it is found that colleges in which the average student SAT score was higher also have, on average, higher earnings among their graduates. Write a statement about this finding that exemplifies an ecological fallacy. Explain what makes this statement an ecological fallacy.

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Definitions:

Dependence

Dependence refers to the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else for support, sustenance, or survival.

Creating Change

A process of implementing new ideas, strategies, or behaviors to improve or alter current systems, structures, or societal norms.

Eight-Step Change Model

A sequential plan proposed by John Kotter for implementing successful organizational changes involving steps from creating a sense of urgency to anchoring new approaches in the organization's culture.

Psychological Skills

Mental abilities and techniques that enhance performance, coping, and overall well-being, such as stress management, visualization, and mindfulness.