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The Process of Monitoring the External Environment Is Called What

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The process of monitoring the external environment is called what?

Identify the components and significance of public health systems in preventing illness and promoting health.
Examine the social determinants and causes of illness and death, including environmental, lifestyle, and healthcare system factors.
Acknowledge the role of belief systems, such as the placebo effect, in health and healing processes.
Understand the sociological reasons for health inequalities, including the disparities caused by economic status.

Definitions:

Null Hypothesis

A statement of no effect or no difference, serving as the default assumption to be tested against experimental evidence.

P-value

The probability of observing test results at least as extreme as the results actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct.

Level of Significance

The probability of making a Type I error in hypothesis testing, serving as a critical value for deciding whether to reject the null hypothesis.

P-value

The p-value is a measure of the probability of observing results at least as extreme as those measured when the null hypothesis of a study is true.

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