A Psychologist Wishes to Determine Whether Short-Term Memory Scores Are

question 20

Multiple Choice

A psychologist wishes to determine whether short-term memory scores are affected by the type of medication in hyperactive children. Sixty hyperactive children (30 boys and 30 girls) were randomly assigned to receive either Cylert or Ritalin (two kinds of amphetamines that are central nervous system stimulants) . Their short-term memory was tested on a 20-point scale (where 0 = no memory and 20 = perfect memory) . $\begin{array} { c c c c c c } \hline & \text { Boys } & && { \text { Girls } } \\\hline \text { Cylert } & \text { Placebo } & \text { Ritalin } & \text { Cylert } & \text { Placebo } & \text { Ritalin } \\\hline 12 & 5 & 3 & 5 & 4 & 12 \\10 & 6 & 2 & 6 & 6 & 9 \\13 & 7 & 5 & 2 & 7 & 14 \\10 & 6 & 6 & 4 & 6 & 13 \\9 & 4 & 1 & 3 & 5 & 9 \\12 & 5 & 4 & 2 & 4 & 12 \\13 & 6 & 2 & 4 & 5 & 8 \\10 & 7 & 6 & 6 & 6 & 15 \\11 & 5 & 1 & 2 & 7 & 12 \\12 & 7 & 5 & 4 & 7 & 11 \\\hline\end{array}$
-The sums of squares for gender are

• A)0.42
• B)40.83
• C)593.43
• D)141.90

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Definitions:

Shaping

A behavior modification technique involving the reinforcement of closer approximations of a desired behavior until the exact behavior is achieved.

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique used to reduce phobic responses and anxiety through gradual exposure to the feared object or situation coupled with relaxation exercises.

Skinner's Method

A behavioral approach developed by B.F. Skinner that emphasizes the role of reinforcement in shaping behavior through conditioning.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that the individual feels driven to perform.