Shareholders of Closely Held C Corporations Frequently Engage in Transactions

question 93

Essay

Shareholders of closely held C corporations frequently engage in transactions that produce a tax benefit to the corporations. In many cases, shareholders receive compensation for employment with closely held corporations, and such payments generate a deduction for the corporations. To avoid the double taxation effect, shareholders generally prefer these and other corporate deductible payments over dividend distributions. Explain how this strategy avoids double taxation, including examples of other shareholder-corporation transactions that could be used for such purpose. Also, discuss the possible pitfalls surrounding corporate payments to shareholders.

Recognize the importance of environmental factors and community infrastructure in disease prevention.

Understand the historical development of public health initiatives and their impact on community health.

Analyze the role of government and non-governmental organizations in the advancement of public health.

Identify key figures and their contributions to public health and nursing.

---

Definitions:

Acid Deposition

The falling of acids and acid-forming compounds from the atmosphere to the earth's surface, often resulting in environmental harm.

Eutrophication

The process by which a body of water becomes excessively enriched with nutrients, leading to plant growth that depletes oxygen in the water, affecting fish and other wildlife.

Cultural Eutrophication

The process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (like phosphates) from human activity, leading to excessive plant growth and decay that depletes oxygen, harming water quality and aquatic life.

Great Lake

Each of the five large, interconnected freshwater lakes located in North America on the Canada-United States border, constituting the largest group of freshwater lakes by total area.