Observer Bias in Which Observers Follow an Initial Tendency to Rate

question 11

Multiple Choice

Observer bias in which observers follow an initial tendency to rate certain objects or persons and use this rating for all subsequent ratings is known as:

• A) Hawthorne effect
• B) placebo effect
• C) halo effect
• D) reactivity

---

Definitions:

Glottis

The part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the slit-like opening between them, involved in producing vocal sounds.

Epiglottis

A leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located behind the tongue, which closes over the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airways.

Vocal Folds

Vocal folds, also known as vocal cords, are muscular structures in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound when air is expelled from the lungs, facilitating speech and singing.

Vibration Frequency

The number of oscillations per unit of time of a vibrating system, usually measured in hertz (Hz).