What Is the Challenge in Trying to Apply the Four

question 34

Multiple Choice

What is the challenge in trying to apply the four moral standards from ethicist Manuel G. Velasquez described in Chapter 2?

• A) The four standards cannot be applied in a systematic way.
• B) Sometimes one standard conflicts with another standard.
• C) The standards are imprecise.
• D) All of the answers are correct.

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Definitions:

Higher-order Conditioning

A learning process wherein a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned response.

Higher-order Conditioning

A complex form of classical conditioning where a stimulus previously paired with a primary unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus for further training.

Extinction

In psychology, the process through which a conditioned response decreases or disappears after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Higher-order Conditioning

A learning process in which a stimulus that was previously neutral is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce the same conditioned response as the original conditioned stimulus.