About Half of the Sodium Carbonate Produced Is Used in Making

question 9

Multiple Choice

About half of the sodium carbonate produced is used in making glass products because it lowers the melting point of sand, the major component of glass. When sodium carbonate is added to water it hydrolyses according to the following reactions. CO₃^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) HCO₃^-(aq) + OH^-(aq) K₁
HCO₃^-(aq) + H₂O(l) H₂CO₃(aq) + OH^-(aq) K₂
These can be combined to yield
CO₃^2-(aq) + 2H₂O(l) H₂CO₃(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) K₃
What is the value of K₃?

• A) K₁ × K ₂
• B) K₁ ÷ K ₂
• C) K ₁ + K ₂
• D) K ₁ - K ₂
• E) (K₁K₂)²

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Definitions:

Reverse Logistics

The process of moving goods from their typical final destination back to the manufacturer or distributor for returns, repairs, or recycling.

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Reusable Materials

Items that can be used multiple times for the same or a new purpose, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.