Abnormalities in the HPA Axis May Be Associated with

question 2

Multiple Choice

Abnormalities in the HPA axis may be associated with

• A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)and autism.
• B) bipolar disorders and major depressive disorder.
• C) major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
• D) antisocial personality disorder and major depressive disorder.

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Definitions:

End-Diastolic Volume

The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, right before the heart contracts.

End-Systolic Volume

The volume of blood left in the ventricle after contraction (systole) and before it begins to fill again.

Cardiac Output

The volume of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in one minute, a critical measure of heart function and efficiency.

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood the heart ejects with each beat, a key component in determining cardiac output.