"If a Theory Is True, Then Event X Should Occur

question 43

Multiple Choice

"If a theory is true, then event X should occur." Which of the following outcomes illustrates the fallacy of affirming the consequent?

• A) event X occurs, therefore the theory has been proven true
• B) event X occurs, therefore the theory has been supported
• C) event X does not occur, therefore the theory has been disproven
• D) event X does not occur, therefore the theory has not been supported

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Definitions:

Carbon Cycle

The series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, chiefly involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.

Decomposer

Organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down organic matter into inorganic nutrients that can be recycled in the environment.

Mushroom

A type of fungus characterized by a cap and stem, with many species producing edible or medicinal fruiting bodies.

Herbivore

Primary consumer in a grazing food chain; a plant eater.