A Study by Gardner Compared Participants Who Were Fully Informed

question 29

Multiple Choice

A study by Gardner compared participants who were fully informed ahead of time about the predicted effects of noise on stress with others who were not informed. What were the results?

• A) fully informed subjects were more adversely affected by the noise than uninformed subjects
• B) uninformed participants were more adversely affected by the noise than those fully informed
• C) there was no difference between the two types of participants, thereby showing that deception is not needed for that type of research
• D) there was no difference between the two types of participants, thereby showing that deception is needed for that type of research

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Definitions:

Acetylcholine Receptors

Proteins found on cell membranes that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, playing critical roles in the nervous system.

Broca's Area

A region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) of the hominid brain with functions linked to speech production.

Vocal Chords

Bands of tissue in the larynx that vibrate to produce sounds when air is expelled from the lungs, crucial for speech and singing.

Speech Comprehension

The ability of the brain to process and understand spoken language, involving the auditory system, language centers, and complex cognitive processes.