Which of the Following Is a Non-Directional Hypothesis

question 3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a non-directional hypothesis?

• A) There are no differences in motivation between students who are given a free breakfast at school and those students who are not given breakfast at school.
• B) There are differences in motivation between students who are given a free breakfast at school and those students who are not given breakfast at school.
• C) Children given breakfast at school are more motivated than children who are not given breakfast at school.
• D) Children given breakfast at school are less motivated than children who are not given breakfast at school.

---

Definitions:

Acute Stress Disorder

Acute Stress Disorder is a mental health condition characterized by the development of severe anxiety, dissociation, and other symptoms that occur within a month after exposure to a traumatic event.

Anxiety

A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about an impending event or something with an uncertain outcome.

Helplessness

A state of being unable to take action or make effective decisions in the face of adverse circumstances, often leading to diminished motivation.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A mental health condition that's triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event, characterized by flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety.