If a Researcher Rejects the Null Hypothesis She Is Concluding

question 40

Multiple Choice

If a researcher rejects the null hypothesis she is concluding that

• A) there are real differences between groups.
• B) there are no real differences between groups.
• C) differences between groups are due to chance.
• D) differences between groups are due to measurement error.

Recognize the ethical debates surrounding the use of deception and invasion of privacy in research.

Identify and distinguish between covert and overt observational methods.

Understand the potential ethical risks associated with Internet research.

Comprehend the role and criticisms of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in overseeing research ethics.

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Definitions:

Probability of Error

Probability of error refers to the likelihood that a statistical decision or hypothesis test will result in a wrong conclusion.

Test Power

The probability that a statistical test will correctly reject a false null hypothesis, essentially the ability of a test to detect an effect if there is one.

Conditional Probabilities

are the probabilities of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred.

Type Errors

Errors made in hypothesis testing where Type I error is rejecting a true null hypothesis, and Type II error is failing to reject a false null hypothesis.