The Doctrine of Promissory Estoppel

question 25

Multiple Choice

The doctrine of promissory estoppel:

• A) Can be used to commence a civil action but not as a defence to a civil action.
• B) Can be used to either commence or defend a civil action.
• C) Can be used as a defence to a civil action, but not to commence a civil action.
• D) All of the above.

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Definitions:

Conical-Shaped Hill

A landform with a circular base and sloping sides that converge to a point at the top, resembling the shape of a cone.

Fresh Ash Layers

Recent deposits of volcanic ash, consisting of fine particles of volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions.

Flat-Topped Mesa

A broad, flat, elevated landform with steep sides, commonly found in arid and semi-arid regions.

Crater

A bowl-shaped depression or cavity on the surface of the Earth, moon, or other celestial body, typically formed by volcanic activity or meteorite impact.