Describe One Potential Artifact (Experimenter Bias or Reactivity)and How It

question 36

Essay

Describe one potential artifact (experimenter bias or reactivity)and how it threatens both the validity and reliability of measurements.Reliability refers to the consistency of the measurements.A measurement procedure is reliable if the same individuals measured under the same conditions produce the same (or very similar)scores.Reliability can be established over time by using test-retest reliability.The same group of individuals is measured under the same conditions at two different times.If the two measurements are the same or similar,the measurement is reliable.You can also establish the internal consistency of a test or questionnaire consisting of several items by measuring split-half reliability.The full set of items is divided in half and a separate score is computed for each half.If the two scores agree,the measurement is reliable.Finally,it is possible to demonstrate the reliability of measurement with inter-rater reliability.Two separate individuals observe and record behavior simultaneously.If their two recordings agree,the measurement is reliable.

Recognize the basic principles of membrane potential and its impact on neuron function.

Identify the characteristics and implications of action potentials in neurons.

Describe the functions and properties of ion channels and their role in neuron activity.

Understand the mechanisms underlying synaptic transmission and the types of synapses.

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Definitions:

Lawn-mowing

The process of cutting the grass in a lawn to maintain its appearance and health.

Variable Costs

Costs that vary directly with the level of production output, such as materials and labor.

Lawn-mowing

The action of cutting the grass in a yard or garden to maintain its appearance and health.

Perfectly Competitive

A market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, a homogeneous product, freedom of entry and exit, and perfect knowledge.