Order Effects Can Become a Confounding Variable Because

question 21

Multiple Choice

Order effects can become a confounding variable because

• A)they affect all the treatment conditions equally.
• B) treatment conditions at the end of the series are affected differently than conditions at the beginning.
• C)they cannot be separated from other time related threats such as history.
• D)they create individual differences between treatment conditions.

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Definitions:

Higher-Order Conditioning

A form of learning in which a stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus, creating the same conditioned response without directly being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Response Renewal

The reemergence of a previously extinguished response following a change in context.

Extinction

In psychology, the process by which a conditioned response diminishes and disappears following repeated exposure without reinforcement.

Stimulus Generalization

The process by which a conditioned response is triggered by stimuli that are similar, but not identical, to the original conditioned stimulus.