According to Kerr and Jermier's Substitutes and Neutralizers for Leadership,which

question 53

Multiple Choice

According to Kerr and Jermier's substitutes and neutralizers for leadership,which among the following can be considered as an organization characteristic that can substitute for instrumental leadership?

• A) Formalization
• B) Inflexibility
• C) Leader physically isolated from subordinates
• D) Low position power of leader

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Definitions:

Death Rates

The ratio of total number of deaths to the total population in a specified community or area over a particular period of time, often expressed per 1000 individuals.

Birth Rates

The number of live births per thousand individuals in a population per year.

Death Rate

The number of deaths per unit of population in a specific time period, used as an indicator of the health of a population.

Age Intervals

Defined periods or spans of time between specific age milestones used in studies or demographic surveys.