An Expectation That People Will Help Those Who Depend on Them

question 88

Multiple Choice

An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the

• A) ingroup bias.
• B) reciprocity norm.
• C) superordinate goal.
• D) social-responsibility norm.

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Definitions:

Internal Validity

The extent to which a study can demonstrate a causal relationship between variables, free of confounding factors.

Random Assignment

is a process used in experimental designs to allocate participants to different groups in a study by chance, minimizing pre-existing differences among those groups.

Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Groups Design

A quasi-experimental design involving two groups that are not randomly assigned, with both groups measured both before (pretest) and after (posttest) a treatment or intervention.

Posttest-Only Nonequivalent Groups Design

An experimental design in which different groups are compared only after the treatment or intervention, without a pretest comparison.