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A store owner charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same merchandise.The owner is most clearly engaging in
Observed
Observed, in statistics, refers to the actual data or values collected from experiments or studies, as opposed to expected or theoretical values.
Chi-square Value
A statistic used to measure the differences between observed and expected frequencies in categorical datasets, testing for independence or goodness of fit.
Observed
Refers to measured or witnessed information and data gathered through experimentation or research.
Expected
Refers to the predicted outcome or value in probability and statistics, often based on theoretical or historical data.
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