Most Psychologists Think That the Use of Punishment Is

question 79

Multiple Choice

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is

• A) ineffective in even temporarily restraining unwanted behavior.
• B) more effective than negative reinforcers in shaping behavior.
• C) the opposite of positive reinforcers and thus is its psychological equivalent in terms of changing behavior.
• D) less effective than positive reinforcers in promoting desirable behavior.

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Definitions:

Defensive Industries

Sectors of the economy expected to remain stable during various phases of the business cycle, often including utilities and consumer staples.

Pharmaceutical Firms

Companies involved in the research, development, production, and marketing of drugs and other healthcare products.

Public Utilities

Companies that provide essential public services, such as water, electricity, and gas, often subject to governmental regulation.

U.S. Dollar Return

The profit or loss generated on an investment, calculated in U.S. dollars, to account for changes in exchange rates.