For Vina,cigarettes Reduce Feelings of Tension and Anxiety

question 7

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For Vina,cigarettes reduce feelings of tension and anxiety.Because of her heavy smoking,however,she has a bad morning cough and breathing difficulties.How can the principles of operant conditioning help to explain the development and continuation of Vina's self-defeating smoking habit? Explain the extent to which the reinforcement for Vina's habit is positive or negative,primary or conditioned,immediate or delayed,partial or continuous.

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Definitions:

Scientific Process

A systematic series of steps followed in order to derive valid results about a scientific inquiry or to solve a problem, including observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion.

Utilitarianism

A theory in ethics holding that the best moral action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

Ethical System

A structured set of principles that guides moral behavior and decision-making, often based on societal, cultural, or personal beliefs.