An Assumption or Expectation That Affects (Top-Down)what We See or Hear

question 45

Multiple Choice

An assumption or expectation that affects (top-down) what we see or hear is called a

• A) just noticeable difference.
• B) perceptual set.
• C) sensory adaptation.
• D) masking stimulus.

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Definitions:

Instrumentality

In the context of motivation, it refers to the perceived relationship between performance and the attainment of desired outcomes.

Expectancy

The belief or anticipation about the likelihood of achieving a desired result or outcome.

Proximal Goals

Short-term, achievable objectives set as steps towards a larger goal, helping to maintain motivation and focus.

Distal Goals

Long-term objectives or aims that are not immediately achievable but are pursued over an extended period.