Refer to the Figure Below Showing an RNA Oligonucleotide Undergoing

question 101

Multiple Choice

Refer to the figure below showing an RNA oligonucleotide undergoing hydrolytic breakdown into its component nucleotides. Hydrolysis occurs in DNA molecules, too, but at a rate that is 100 times slower than that in RNA.Which statement explains how this information supports the hypothesis that RNA and not DNA became the first complex molecule that assisted in the synthesis of proteins during the rise of life on Earth?

• A) DNA is more stable than RNA, which means that DNA molecules would have resisted evolutionary change during the rise of life on primitive Earth.
• B) RNA contains a different set of bases than DNA, and that difference likely affected the ability of RNA to assist in the polymerization of amino acids into peptides.
• C) DNA is protected within the nucleus of a cell, whereas RNA is available in the cytoplasm of a cell, where it can react with other molecules more readily.
• D) RNA contains a reactive hydroxyl group that is absent in DNA and that can catalyze chemical change in itself or in other molecules.
• E) DNA tends to remain as one long strand rather than breaking up into smaller fragments as RNA does, which makes RNA more mobile as a catalyst.

Describe the symptoms and treatment options for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

Distinguish between various types of anxiety disorders and their characteristics.

Recognize safety behaviors and their role in social anxiety.

Understand the episodic nature of certain psychological disorders like major depressive disorder.

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Definitions:

Fixed-Ratio

A reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.

Baseball Cards

Collectible items featuring baseball players, often traded or sold among enthusiasts and known for their historical and monetary value.

Variable-Interval Schedule

A reinforcement schedule in operant conditioning where responses are rewarded after unpredictable intervals of time.

Fixed-Ratio Schedule

In behavioral psychology, it's a schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses, promoting a high and steady rate of response.