In Experiments Measuring the Rates at Which Different Monosaccharides Diffuse

question 148

Multiple Choice

In experiments measuring the rates at which different monosaccharides diffuse across phospholipid membranes, it was found that the rates followed this pattern (from slowest to fastest) : glucose < mannose < arabinose < xylose < ribose.What aspect of the current theories about the origin of life do these results support?

• A) It is thought that simple sugars were synthesized from simple molecule precursors in the primordial soup of early Earth.
• B) It is thought that nucleotides arose as the result of bond formation between sugar molecules, phosphate ions, and organic bases.
• C) It is thought that RNA was the first molecule to serve a catalytic function in the evolution of cells.
• D) It is thought that proteins became the primary catalytic molecules in modern cells because their ability to carry out catalytic functions is superior to that of RNA.
• E) It is thought that the evolution of living cells depended on the chemical evolution of certain biomolecules that serve as building blocks for biomacromolecules.

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Definitions:

Squares

In statistics, refers to the process of squaring each difference between individual data points and the mean, used in the calculation of variance and standard deviation.

One-Way ANOVA

A statistical test that compares the means of three or more independent groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them, based on one independent variable.

Critical Value

A point on the scale of a test statistic beyond which we reject the null hypothesis; it marks the boundary for deciding whether an observed test statistic is extreme.

Sample Size

The count of data points or observations gathered in a subset from a larger group.