One way that modern enzymes increase reaction rates is to increase the chance for collision between molecules by binding them in close proximity to each other.Enzymes also increase rates by orienting reacting molecules in three-dimensional space to facilitate attack of one substrate by another.The figure below shows an organic molecule adsorbing onto a clay mineral surface. 
How do the properties of enzymes mentioned above relate to the way that clay minerals are hypothesized to have been instrumental in the rise of life?
Definitions:
Pulse Pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
Sphygmomanometer
Instrument for measuring blood pressure.
Turbulent
Characterized by disorderly, chaotic movement or operation, often used to describe fluid dynamics where flow is irregular and agitated.
Brachial Artery
A major blood vessel of the upper arm that supplies blood to the arm and hand.
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