[Solved] Researchers must use _______ to distinguish the structure of a ribosome from that of a Golgi apparatus. A) direct examination with the naked eye B) a handheld magnifying glass C) a bright-field microscope D) a phase-contrast microscope E) an electron microscope Posterior Probability: is the probability of the hypotheses given the observed data, calculated using Bayes' theorem. Prior Probability: The likelihood of an event occurring before new evidence is taken into account. Conditional Probability: The estimated probability of an event's occurrence when it is already known that another event has preceded it. Thomas Bayes: An 18th-century British statistician and clergyman known for formulating the Bayes' Theorem, which describes the probability of an event based on prior knowledge.