Refer to the Phylogenetic Tree Below Showing the Phylogenetic Relationships

question 218

Multiple Choice

Refer to the phylogenetic tree below showing the phylogenetic relationships among eight species.Red dots indicate the appearance of derived traits. According to the phylogenetic tree, which synapomorphies unite the pigeon and the lizard?

• A) Feathers
• B) A gizzard
• C) Keratinous scales
• D) Feathers and a gizzard
• E) Feathers and keratinous scales

---

Definitions:

Exploited Class

A social group that suffers from exploitation by being forcefully deprived of accessing the full value produced by their labor, often discussed in the context of Marxist theory.

Bourgeoisie

Owners of the means of production, including factories, tools, and land. They do not do any physical labor. Their income derives from profits.

Means of Production

The resources—including tools, factories, and land—required to produce goods and services.

Social Classes

Divisions in society based on factors such as wealth, occupation, education, and power.