You Are Studying an Insect Related to Aphids That Feeds

question 172

Multiple Choice

You are studying an insect related to aphids that feeds on plant sap.This insect bores a hole in the plant until it can feed using an appendage on its front legs called a "spile." What specific plant structure does the spile bore into?

• A) Sieve tube element
• B) Guard cell
• C) Companion cell
• D) Vessel element
• E) Parenchyma

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A behavioral psychology concept where the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus strengthens a behavior or makes it more likely to occur.

Punishment by Removal

Punishment by Removal involves decreasing the likelihood of a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus or positive condition following the behavior.

Punishment by Application

A behavioral control technique involving the introduction of an adverse stimulus following an undesired behavior, aiming to decrease that behavior's occurrence.

Maternal Risk Factors

Conditions or behaviors by the mother that can negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, infant health, or both.