Refer to the Figure

question 205

Multiple Choice

Refer to the figure. Which statement best describes the role of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in this signal transduction pathway?

• A) They are elicitors.
• B) They strengthen the cell wall and block plasmodesmata.
• C) They are part of a constitutive defense.
• D) They attack the pathogen directly.
• E) They serve as alarm signals to cells that have not yet been attacked.

---

Definitions:

Primary Emotions

Fundamental feelings such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear that are considered universal across cultures.

Autonomy Versus Shame

A stage in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development where toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.

Mirror Neurons

are neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing that same action, thought to be crucial for learning through imitation.

Endogenous Smile

A smile that originates internally, often reflecting genuine happiness or contentment, not prompted by external stimuli.