Toll-Like Receptors

question 204

Multiple Choice

Toll-like receptors

• A) are found in vertebrates, but so far have not been found in invertebrates.
• B) leave blood vessels to bind to pathogenic bacteria, which in turn attracts phagocytes.
• C) are found in the cell membrane of certain cells, where they recognize and bind to nonself molecules associated with pathogens.
• D) initiate a protein kinase cascade, which induces histamine secretion in neighboring cells.
• E) if blocked would enhance overly strong inflammatory responses.

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Definitions:

Zero-Profit Equilibrium

A market condition where firms earn just enough revenue to cover their total costs, resulting in no economic profit.

Sector X

Sector X does not represent a specific sector in economic terms; it's a placeholder for an unspecified sector of the economy.

Average Cost

The total cost of production divided by the number of goods produced, calculating how much it costs on average to produce each product.

Constant-Cost Industry

An industry where the input prices do not change as the industry's output changes.