The Signaling Cascades That Determine Left-Right Asymmetry of Internal Organs

question 87

Multiple Choice

The signaling cascades that determine left-right asymmetry of internal organs in humans are caused by extracellular fluid flowing over

• A) the epiblast.
• B) the blastocyst.
• C) the inner cell mass.
• D) a node of ciliated cells.
• E) the hypoblast.

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Definitions:

Pavlovian Conditioning

A form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Classical Conditioning

A conditioning technique where, through recurrent pairing of two stimuli, a reaction initially caused by the second stimulus is eventually caused by the first stimulus alone.

Species-Specific

Pertaining or unique to a particular species.

Preparedness

A predisposition to quickly learn certain types of behaviors or to associate specific stimuli with certain responses due to evolutionary pressures.