If a Physical or Chemical Stimulus Causes a Change in a Cell's

question 112

Multiple Choice

If a physical or chemical stimulus causes a change in a cell's membrane potential, a direct effect of that change may be

• A) an increase in Na⁺ concentration outside the cell.
• B) increased permeability of the cell membrane to certain ions.
• C) an increase in pumps.
• D) an increase in the number of K⁺ ions needed to reach equilibrium.
• E) an increase in the lipid composition of the membrane.

---

Definitions:

Anchoring

A cognitive bias in decision making where an individual relies too heavily on an initial piece of information to make subsequent judgments.

Framing

The way information is presented or structured, influencing perception and decision-making.

Overestimating

The action of assessing something or someone as greater, larger, or more important than it is in reality.

Over-optimism

The tendency to be too confident or hopeful about future events or outcomes, often leading to underestimating risks.