Although Lichens Look Like Single Organisms, They Are Actually an Association

question 43

Multiple Choice

Although lichens look like single organisms, they are actually an association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually an alga.The lichen association is considered mutualistic, but the relationship also shows some features of parasitism.Which fact about lichens suggests parasitism rather than mutualism?

• A) One kind of fungus can partner with more than one kind of alga.
• B) The fungal species that occur in lichens almost never occur outside of lichens.
• C) Nutrients always flow from algae to fungi but do not always flow from fungi to algae.
• D) Some lichens live in habitats where no fungi or algae can survive except within lichens.
• E) Lichens most often reproduce asexually with small clusters of cells from both partners.

---

Definitions:

Ethical Behavior

Ethical Behavior involves acting in ways consistent with societal norms and values, including honesty, integrity, fairness, and respect.

Outplacement Firm

A service provider that assists laid-off employees in finding new jobs, often employed by the former employer to help reduce the impact of layoffs.

Concerned

A state of being worried or anxious about something.

Contractual Obligations

Legal agreements and duties that parties must fulfill as part of a contract, often enforceable by law.