"Given a Hash Function H, with N Possible Outputs and a Specific

question 28

Multiple Choice

"Given a hash function H, with n possible outputs and a specific value H(x) , if H is applied to k random inputs, what must be the value of k so that the probability that at least one input y satisfies H(y) = H(x) is 0.5" is a reference to the __________ .

• A)authentication code
• B)collision resistant
• C)big endian
• D)birthday attack

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Definitions:

Hidden Environmental Cost

The indirect environmental impact and expenses not immediately apparent or accounted for in the pricing of goods and services.

Oil-Spill Clean Up

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Product Disposal

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Environmental Management Accounting

A management approach focused on assessing, managing, and reporting environmental costs and benefits to enhance environmental sustainability and economic performance.