In 1890, William James Argued That "By Age 30, the Character

question 29

Multiple Choice

In 1890, William James argued that "by age 30, the character [personality] has set like plaster and will never soften again." Has psychological research supported his assertion?

• A) Yes, but his conclusion applies only to Western cultures.
• B) Generally yes, but he underestimated the age at which change is reduced.
• C) No; recent evidence indicates that dramatic changes occur at all ages.
• D) No, because it all depends upon whether the individual stays in the same environment.

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