Define Upward and Downward Mobility

question 27

Essay

Define upward and downward mobility. Using the recent US economic downturn as an example, explain how downward mobility intersects with issues of class and race.

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Definitions:

Actual Reserves

The total funds a bank has in its vault or deposited with the central bank, available for immediate use.

Required Reserves

Required reserves refer to the minimum amount of funds that a bank must hold in reserve against deposits, as mandated by central banking regulations to ensure bank liquidity.

Excess Reserves

The reserves that banks hold over and above the regulatory requirements set by the central bank or banking regulator.

Excess Reserves

Banking reserves exceeding the reserve requirement set by a central bank, not lent out to the bank's clients.