Answer the Questions That Follow This SPSS Output:
Descriptives

question 28

Essay

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output:
Descriptives
EARNIN04 Total Wages and Salaries in 2004
$\begin{array}{|l|r|c|c|c|}\hline & & & & \\& {\mathrm{N}} & \text { Mean } & \text { Std. Deviation } & \text { Std. Error } \\\hline \text { 1 1st born } & 233 & 46640.97 & 55469.341 & 3633.917 \\\text { 2 middle child } & 526 & 34271.83 & 43764.861 & 1908.239 \\\text { 3 last born } & 262 & 37723.61 & 44800.964 & 2767.813 \\\text { Total } & 1021 & 37980.33 & 47154.129 & 1475.730 \\\hline\end{array}$
ANOVA
EARNIN04 Total Wages and Salaries in 2004
$\begin{array}{|l|c|r|r|l|l|}\hline & {\begin{array}{l}\text { Sum of } \\\text { Squares }\end{array}} & {\mathrm{df}} & \text { Mean Square } & \mathrm{F} & \text { Sig. } \\\hline \text { Between Groups } & 2.5 \mathrm{E}+010 & 2 & 1.236 \mathrm{E}+010 & 5.611 & .004 \\\text { Within Groups } & 2.2 \mathrm{E}+012 & 1018 & 2203589661 & & \\\text { Total } & 2.3 \mathrm{E}+012 & 1020 & & & \\\hline\end{array}$
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: EARNIN04 Total Wages and Salaries in 2004
Bonferroni
$\begin{array}{|ll|c|c|r|}\hline & \text { (J) BIRTHORD } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Mean } \\\text { Difference }\end{array} & & \\\text { (l) BIRTHORD Birth Order } & \text { Birth Order } & \begin{array}{c}\text { (I-J) }\end{array} & \text { Std. Error } & \text { Sig. } \\\hline 1 \text { 1st born } & 2 \text { middle child } & 12369.137^{*} & 3694.158 & .003 \\& 3 \text { last born } & 8917.351 & 4227.069 & .105 \\\hline 2 \text { middle child } & 1 \text { 1st born } & -12369.137^{*} & 3694.158 & .003 \\& 3 \text { last born } & -3451.786 & 3549.645 & .993 \\\hline 3 \text { last born } & 1 \text { 1st born } & -8917.351 & 4227.069 & .105 \\& 2 \text { middle child } & 3451.786 & 3549.645 & .993 \\\hline\end{array}$
${ } ^ { * }$ . The mean difference is significant at the $.05$ level.
Your research hypothesis is "In the population, there is a difference in the average earnings of 1^st born children, middle-born children, and last-born children."
A) What is your null hypothesis?
B) Are your sample results consistent with the null hypothesis or the research hypothesis? (null / research)
C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)
F) Is it appropriate to discuss the results of the post hoc multiple comparisons tests? (yes / no)
G) If it is appropriate to discuss the post hoc multiple comparison tests, which pairs of groups are probably different from one another in the population? If it is not appropriate, explain why it is not appropriate.

• A) What is your null hypothesis?
• B) Are your sample results consistent with the null hypothesis or the research hypothesis? (null / research)
• C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
• D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
• E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)
• F) Is it appropriate to discuss the results of the post hoc multiple comparisons tests? (yes / no)
• G) If it is appropriate to discuss the post hoc multiple comparison tests, which pairs of groups are probably different from one another in the population? If it is not appropriate, explain why it is not appropriate.

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